To delay the progression of kidney disease, which nutrient should be reduced in intake?

Reducing protein intake is significant for individuals with kidney disease because the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products resulting from protein metabolism. When protein is consumed, it breaks down into compounds known as urea and creatinine, which the kidneys must eliminate. In patients with impaired kidney function, high levels of these waste products can accumulate in the blood, leading to further kidney damage and exacerbating the disease's progression.

By limiting protein intake, the burden on the kidneys is lessened, allowing them to function more effectively with the remaining capacity. This dietary adjustment can slow the progression of kidney disease, potentially delaying the need for more drastic interventions such as dialysis or transplantation.

In contrast, the other options—carbohydrates, water, and vitamins—do not play as direct a role in accelerating kidney disease progression. While they are important in overall health and nutrition, the primary concern in the context of delaying kidney disease progression specifically focuses on managing protein intake.