What is the most frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis?

Peritonitis is the most frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis, which is an important consideration for practitioners and patients alike. This infection of the peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity, usually occurs due to the introduction of pathogens during the dialysis process. Factors that can contribute to peritonitis include improper technique during catheter insertion or handling, as well as contamination of the dialysis equipment or solution.

The significance of peritonitis arises not only from its potential severity, leading to hospitalization and the risk of severe systemic infection, but also from its impact on the overall effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis. Recurrent episodes can hinder a patient’s ability to continue with this dialysis modality, leading clinicians to sometimes transition patients to hemodialysis.

Other common complications, such as the formation of fibrin strands, leakage of dialysate, and displacement of the catheter, while they can occur, are less frequent in comparison to peritonitis. Understanding these complications and their management is crucial for encouraging optimal outcomes for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.